![]() Gavriely N, Nissan M, Rubin A-H, Cugell DW (1995) Spectral characteristics of chest wall breath sounds in normal subjects. ![]() Pasterkamp H, Kraman SS, Wodicka GR (1997) Respiratory sounds: advances beyond the stethoscope. Sovijärvi A, Dalmasso F, Vanderschoot J, Malmberg L, Righini G, Stoneman S (2000) Definition of terms for applications of respiratory sounds. This chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of the use of normal and adventitious respiratory sounds for identifying respiratory conditions and their severity and monitoring respiratory interventions. Normal and adventitious respiratory sounds can be highly informative about a person’s respiratory health as it is known that their characteristics change with gender, location where it is heard, body size, body position, and airflow, being particularly different between children and adults and in the presence of a respiratory condition. It is also important to know the origin and mechanisms of the respiratory sound. For respiratory sounds, some additional information is often informative, such as the timing within the respiratory cycle in which the sound occurs, the sound duration, and the influence of gravity/forced expiratory maneuvers on the sound. Timbre allows the differentiation between two sounds with the same frequency and intensity. ![]() Frequency and intensity are perceived by human beings as pitch and loudness, respectively. All sounds can be described using frequency, intensity, and timbre. Respiratory sounds are composed by normal and adventitious respiratory sounds which comprise the sounds heard over the trachea/mouth and chest wall. ![]()
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